Journal

Volume 42 | Number 2 Spring 2007

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The European Communities Biotech Dispute: How the WTO Fails to Consider Cultural Factors in the Genetically Modified Food Debate

by Laylah Zurek

Summary

  1. Introduction

  2. Introduction to Genetically Modified Foods
    1. Genetically Modified Foods
    2. Potential Risks and Benefits of Genetically Modified Foods
  3. Attitudes About Genetically Modified Foods
    1. United States
    2. Europe
  4. Case Discussion
    1. Overview
    2. Governing WTO Agreements and International Law
      1. The General Moratorium
      2. Specific-Product Moratoria
      3. Member State Bans
  5. Case Analysis
    1. The Opinion Fails to Consider Other Values
      1. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy and the Distrust of Government Regulations
      2. The Precautionary Principle
      3. Food as a Distinct Cultural Value in Europe
    2. WTO Process Lacks the Institutional Capacity to Consider Non-Market Values
    3. Why Europeans Will Resist
      1. General Resistance to WTO Cultural Domination
      2. European Resistance to WTO Cultural Domination
    4. Labeling as an Alternative
  6. Conclusion

Footnotes

For complete footnote citations, download the PDF.

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